Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms' cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization.
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Ca2+ displays a highly ionic character in its bonding. The covalent contribution in bond formation increases as one moves across the series from Ca2+ to Zn2+.
In electrically nonexcitable cells, Ca2+ signaling is typically a biphasic process. Neurotransmitters and hormones cause a release of calcium ions to the ...
Changes in the levels of the second messenger Ca2+ can result in the activation of broadly proliferative or cytotoxic responses.
15 июн. 2017 г. · Ca2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger that controls diverse cellular functions but can become toxic and cause cell death.
Ca2+ is a ubiquitous cellular signal. Altered expression of specific Ca2+ channels and pumps are characterizing features of some cancers. The ability of Ca2+ to ...
Ca 2+ homeostasis is a highly integrated process controlled by calcium buffers, sensors, channels, exchangers and pumps.
13 мая 2022 г. · In plants, Ca2+ signaling is central to both pattern‐ and effector‐triggered immunity, with the generation of characteristic cytoplasmic Ca2+ ...
A new family of highly fluorescent indicators has been synthesized for biochemical studies of the physiological role of cytosolic free Ca2+.